添加生物炭对鹿粪堆肥Cu、Zn的钝化效果研究

Study on the Passivation Effect of Adding Biochar on Cu and Zn in Deer Manure Compost

摘要:

堆肥是实现畜禽粪便资源化利用的有效方式之一，在堆肥中添加生物炭能够改善堆肥理化性质、钝化畜禽粪便中的重金属，从而提高堆肥品质。以玉米秸秆和鹿粪为原材料，分别添加不同比例的生物炭，研究堆肥理化指标和重金属Cu、Zn的含量及形态变化。结果表明，当生物炭添加比例为5%时，堆肥高温期持续时间最长；添加生物炭的处理组堆肥p H均高于对照组；随着堆肥时间的延长，堆肥含水率不断降低，但是添加生物炭能够减缓堆肥体系水分蒸发速率，使堆体的持水性能得到提高；堆肥结束后，添加生物炭的处理组碳氮比均低于20，堆肥实现完全腐熟；生物炭添加量为10%时，对Cu、Zn的钝化效果最好。本试验明确了生物炭应用于鹿粪和玉米秸秆堆肥中对堆肥理化指标和Cu、Zn钝化效果的影响，为鹿粪堆肥的实际应用提供数据支持，也为提高堆肥品质、降低重金属在堆肥过程中的环境风险提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Composting is an effective way to use livestock and poultry manure as a resource. Adding biochar to com-post can improve its physical and chemical properties, passivate heavy metals in manure, thereby enhancing com-post quality. Using corn stover and deer manure as raw materials, different proportions of biochar were added tostudy the physical and chemical indicators of compost, as well as the content and morphological changes of heavymetals Cu and Zn. The results showed that a 5% biochar addition resulted in the longest high-temperature periodduring composting. The p H of compost in the treatment group with added biochar was higher than that of the controlgroup. As composting progresses, the moisture content of the compost decreases continuously. However, adding bio-char can reduce the evaporation of moisture in the composting system, improving the water holding capacity of thecompost. By the end of composting, the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the biochar-added treatment groups was below20, indicating complete maturation of the compost. A 10% biochar addition showed the best passivation effect on Cuand Zn. This experiment clarified the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties and Cu andZn passivation effects of deer manure and corn stover compost, providing data support for the practical application ofdeer manure compost and theoretical reference for improving compost quality and reducing environmental risks ofheavy metals in the composting process.