稻草还田苗带轮作栽培技术的研究

The Technique of Returning Straw to the Paddy Field and Periodical Cultivation of Rice

摘要:

1994～1996年连续3年采用以稻草还田增加土壤有机质含量进行苗带轮作,是降低使用土地面积、减少化肥、农药使用量的栽培技术,充分发挥品种高产潜力,提高光合速率,确保水稻群体发育获得高产。通过3年的研究表明:①连续使用稻草还田改善了土壤的团粒结构,降低了土壤容重,有机质含量明显提高,水稻根系活力增加,每平方米的稻田杂草量减少。②不同比例的苗带轮作水稻叶面积比普通栽培指数高,干物质积累快,平均每穴穗粒数增多。③不同苗带轮作比例不同,而产量有明显的差异,以2:1轮作方式最为合理,公顷产量可达8.5 t左右。④不同苗带轮作产量虽比普通栽培方式平均减产6.6%,但由于当年轮作水稻种植面积平均减少25%,农药、化肥使用量降低30%,其成本的降低费用比稻谷减产的部分高出2.3%。

Abstract:

The method of returning straw into the paddy field for increasing the content of organic material in soil was taken from 1994-1996.The results showed as follows:
1. By returning the straw to paddy field, the soil granular structure was improved, the organic content and the root activity was increased, the amount of herbs per square meter was decreased
2. Rice plant area in the shift cultivation field is increased comparing with ordinary cultivating method, the accumulation of dry material is faster, the grains and panicles per hill is increased.
3. With the difference of the proportion of planted field area, the yield was different, 2:1 of the shift cultivation is the most reasonable proportion, the yield can reached 8.5 ton per hectare
4. Even if the yield of shift cultivation decreased 6.6%, but for the dropping of herbicide and fertilizer used by 30%, planting area decreased 25%, the economic efficiency increased 2.3%.According to the analysis of rice quality planted in the shift cultivation field and the field applying inorganic and organic fertilizer, we could conclude that returning straw to the paddy field and using organic material the paratability and stickness of rice quality were improved obviously.