1975～1995年间吉林省大豆主要推广品种及其遗传关系

Major Soybean Commercial Cultivars and Their Genetic Relations During 1975～1995 in Jilin Province of China

摘要:

1975~1995年21年间吉林省大豆主推品种共29个, 分为中-中晚、中早、早熟和有限型品种4组。研究分析了它们的相互演替及遗传关系, 并对今后的育种策略提出意见。中-中晚熟组中, 形成了吉林3和吉林4→吉林18和吉林20→长农5和吉林27的主流遗传系统, 还有九农9→丰交7607、吉林3→长农2、小金黄1号→吉林8、群选1等非主流系统。两类系统中, 存在逐渐衰退现象, 即后一品种较前一品种的推广表现差。在中早熟组中没有明显的主流系统。在早熟组中存在着丰收10→合丰23→合丰25主流系统, 绥农4和吉林26也都岂有丰收号大豆的血缘。有限型品种组存在着早丰1→开育8、通农3→通农5、6→通农9、10两个主流系统。主推品种的血缘组成上, 吉林18、吉林20、长农4等已有1/4的外来种质, 吉林21、吉林27、丰交7607均含有多于1/4的外来种质, 而长农5只有1/8的外来种质。含有1/4的外来种质的品种具有更大的推广优势。在育种中应制定一个既能保持外来种质占1/4, 又能保证适应性品种的种质更加复杂、优良的杂交方案。

Abstract:

There were 29 major commerce soybean cultivars in Jilin province during 1975~1995. The cultivars may be devided into four groups: middle and middle-latemiddle-earlyearly and determinante. The relations of replacement and genetic were analysed for the cultivars in each of four groups. In middle and middle-late groupmain genetic systemcomposed by Jilin 3 and Jilin 4-Jilin 8 and Jilin 20-Changnong 5 and Jilin 27 was developed. There were four minor genetic systems: Jiunong 9-Fengjiao 7607, Jilin3-Changnong, Xaojinhuang 1-Jilin 8, Qunxuan 1. In main and minor systemdecline phenomenon existed that production area of later period variety was less than that of early period variety. In middle-early groupthere was no obvious main-system. Inearly groupthere was Fengshou 10-Hefeng 23-Hefeng 25 main systemShuinong 4 and Jilin 26also had blood relationship of Fengshou 6. In determinante groupthere were two main system of Zhaofeng 1-kaiyu 8 and Tongnong 3-Tongnong 5tongnong 6- Tongnong 9Tongnong 10. Jilin 18 Jilin 20, Chagnong 4 had 1/4 introduction germplasm in blood relationship composition. Jilin 21 Jilin 27, Fengjiao 7607 had more than 1/4 introduction germplasm. Changong 5 only had 1/8 introduction germplasm. The cultivars that included 1/4 introduction germplasm possessde larger planting area. Soy-bean breeding program that on the basis of possessing 1/4 in troduction germplasm, suitable germplasm which was more complex and better should be work out.