大豆耐重茬性及其遗传的初步研究

The Primarily Studies of Successive Planting Tolerance and Its Heredity in Soybean

摘要:

1985年在通榆县第一良种场的连作大豆地块，进行了大豆抗孢囊线虫及耐重茬品种的选育工作，先后育成了吉林23和吉林32号2个品种，这2个品种及另外4个品系都表现出很好的耐重茬性。试验结果表明：耐重茬的这几个品种在一年重茬情况下，产量基本与不重茬条件下种植根同，主要农艺性状也无明显差异;而不耐重茬的6个品系在重茬地块种植，产量及主要农艺性状都极显著降低。在这些农艺性状中，株高可以做为鉴定大豆品种(系)耐重迎茬性的筛选指标，在此基础上，还配制了2个大豆杂交组合，并对大豆的耐重迎茬性进行了遗传分析。结果表明：大豆的耐重迎茬性属于数量性状，F₂代的定向选择表明，耐重茬性的早代现实遗传力较高，因此.早优选择是有效的。完全可以通过选育具有耐重茬性的基因达到减少或预防重迎茬危害的目的。

Abstract:

Sines 1985, our reserach group has carried out breeding program for Cyst Nemotode resistance in successive planting plots at the First Seed Farm of Tong Yu County. Nemotode resistancecultivars Jilin 23 and 32, and other four lines were developed one after another. The experiment alsoshowed that these cultivars and lines had strong successive planting tolerance. In one-year successiveplanting plot, the yield per plant and major agronomic traits, such as, plant height, pod number perplant, 100 seeds weight, were basically the same as in no successive planting plot. On the contrary, sixsuceessive lines showed significant decreases in yield perplant and major agronomic traits when plantedin one-year successive planting plot compared with those in no successive planting plot. Among the major agronomic traits, plant height can he used as the standard in the identifing and screeing for successive planting tolerance in soybean, on the basis of above experiment, two crosses were mad and geneticanalysis was condueted for the successive planting tolerance. The resuts indicated that successive planting tolerance belongs to quantitative charcter and F₂ directional selection showed that realized heritability for successive planting was high, suggesting that earlier generation selection be effective. This experiment suggeste that problems of successive planting stress can be reduced or prevented by selecting orbreeding plant genotypes with greater tolerance to it.