尿素玉米糖矿物质饲料砖配方选择及其在延边黄牛上的应用研究

Ingredient Selection of Urea Corn-Molasses Mineral Lick Block and Study on Its Utilization to Yanbian Yellow Cattle

摘要:

两次采用三因素三水平正交试验设计，探讨不同配料成分对尿素玉米糖矿物质饲料砖硬度和潮解度的影响。结果表明：水泥用量12％、预混料用量18％、水分用量310 mL、尿素用量16％、玉米糖用量12％、膨润土用量14％合适。硬度为52.41±1.19kg/cm²，潮解度为2.13％±0.45％。
为探讨饲料砖在实践中的应用情况，选择16头17月龄左右杂种延边黄牛，随机分成4组。各组精料相同、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组牛分别补饲饲料砖Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。经60d的饲养试验，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组牛口增重分别是0.72、0.91和0.84 kg，较对照组日增重0.51 kg，差异极显著（P＜0.01）。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组牛饲料砖采食量分别为：201.4±3.48、184.7±5.33、177.5±5.60g／日。试验组有机物、粗蛋白、粗纤维消化率较对照组差异极显著（P＜0.01）；干物质、粗脂肪消化率差异不显著（P＞0.05）。补饲饲料砖提高粗料采食量，提高血液NH₃浓度，但较对照组升高缓慢，不致造成中毒。

Abstract:

The 3 * 3 orthogonal trial was used two times to study the effect of different ingredients on the hardness and deliqescence of urea com-molasses mineral lick block (UMMB). The result revealed that cement, premix, moisture content, ruea, com-melasses and bentonite were with the best proportion by 12%, 18%, 310 mL, 16%, 12%, 14%, respectively. The hardness is 52.41 ± 1.19 kg/cm². The deliqescence is 2.13 % ± 0.45%.
Sixteen crossed yanbian Yellow Cattles of about 17 months of age were divided randomly into four groups in order to study the utilization of UMMB in practice. All the animals were offered the same concentrate mixture. However, the animals in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ had free access to UMMB Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, respectively. Afer sixty days of feeding experiment. Live weight gains (kg/day） were higher significantly (P ＜ 0.01) in proup Ⅰ (0.72）, group Ⅱ (0.91) and proup Ⅲ (0.84) than the control group (0.51). The animals in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ took in 201.4 ± 3.48, 184.7 ± 5.33, 177.5 ± 5.60 g/day lick block. The digestibility coefficient of OM, CP and CF was significanily (P ＜ 0.01) higher in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ. Lick block supplementation enhanced the intake of crude feeding (P ＜ 0.01). It enhanced NH₃ concentration in blood. But, the increases were non-sighficanily different (P ＞ 0.05). Lick block supplementation can’t cause toxication.