向日葵幼胚培养技术及其在育种中的应用

The Application of Embryo Rescue in Sunflower Breeding

摘要:

向日葵生产中面临着严重的病虫害问题，选育抗病品种是向日葵育种工作的主要目标之一。某些向日葵野生种中含有对向日葵栽培种主要病虫害的抗性基因，目前，通过种间杂交等手段可以将向日葵野生种中的抗性基因导入栽培种中，获得抗病材料，选育出抗病新品种，但种间杂交属于远缘杂交，不易获得成功，因此将幼胚培养技术同常规育种程序相结合，借助幼胚培养技术可以克服远缘杂交中胚败育，缩短育种周期，迅速选育出抗病向日葵新品种。本文将从种间杂交设计、培养基准备、幼胚离体培养的无菌操作、幼苗移栽及后期温室管理几个方面对幼胚培养技术在向日葵育种工作中的应用作简要介绍。

Abstract:

Sunflower production is facing serious Pest and disease problems in Jilin province. It is one of sunflower breeding objects to develop oilseed hybrids resistant to diseases. Helianthus genus is a souroe of genetic variability for cultivated sunflower. Resistant genes form wild sunflower species could be introduced into cultivars hy interspecific hybridization in order to get resistant breeding material. Interspecific hybridization is difficult to realize because of different chromosome numbers or other reasons. It is necessary to combine biological technique (embryo rescue) with conventional breeding program. The embryo rescue methed can prevent embryo from aborting, obtain seeds from interspecific hybridization, accelerate the breeding cycle, so that we can develop sunflower hgbrids which resistant to diseases. In this thesis we introduce the embryo rescue technique and its application in sunflower breeding program. The contents include: (1) Planning of interspecific hybridization; (2) Preparation of culture medium; (3) Isolation of young embryos; (4) The small plants transfer and adaptation of green-house conditions.