甜玉米距离分析、杂种优势及特殊配合力的关系

A Trial on the Relationships between Accumulation, Distribution of Dry Matter and Grain Yield of Rice Under Different Yield Leve

摘要:

本试验根据70个甜玉米自交系数量性状的表现估算了它们之间的遗传距离，又估算了由其中42个自交系间随机组配的89个杂交组合F₁代小区产量、含糖量的杂种优势。选用8份遗传差异较大的甜玉米自交系做亲本，按Grifing方法1进行配制组合，估算了青穗产量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量的配合力。并对D与Hc、S·C·A进行回归分析，其结果表明:F₁代产量的对照优势与其双亲间的遗传距离呈显著的二次曲线关系，而F₁代品质性状的对照优势与其双亲之间的遗传距离无确定性关系;甜玉米自交系的遗传距离与产量的特殊配合力间呈五次曲线关系，而遗传距离与品质性状的特殊配合力间无确定性关系;在一定条件下，数量性状遗传距离具有稳定性;遗传距离具有特殊的生物学意义。因此，可以根据亲本间数量性状的综合遗传差异——遗传距离预测甜玉米杂种一代的产量优势，估算产量性状的特殊配合力。

Abstract:

In order to study the relationships between accumulation. distribution of dry matter and grain yield of rice two kinds of different yield level experimental fields 7 500 kg/hm² and 9 500 kg/hm² were designed, and the results showed: total dry matters accumulation were obviously different among different yield levels, there were significant positive correlations between yield and dry matter accumula-tion; In the period of rice growth phase, the photosynthate mainly supplied to growing centre at that time, that is to say:at primary growing stage, the photosynthate supplied to the vegetative organs, in the middle of growing stage, it transfered to reproductive organs and up to organs of the later stage; there were significant difference of N content rate of each organ among different yields, the more yield was, the more N content rate of organ.