玉米单交种的产量性状及其与亲本自交系关系的研究

STUDY ON THE CORRELATIONS OF SINGLE CROSSES’ YIELD WITH THEIR PARENTS IN MAIZE

摘要:

观察研究了180个单交种,156个杂交组合,135个自交系的产量性状,结果表明:单穗型玉米单交种的单株产量与其粒数、百粒重、吐丝期、穗位叶面积、株高等呈极显著或显著正相关。单穗粒数与其花数呈极显著正相关,即雌穗的多花性是获得多粒的前提。单交种的上述性状均由其亲本自交系的相应性状决定,它们之间均呈正相关关系,并表现出不同的杂种优势作用,其中雌穗花数、穗位叶面积、株高的优势作用较强,而雌穗行数、叶片数的优势作用较弱,并有部分单交种的穗行数和叶片数低于中亲值,吐丝期的优势作用也较强,它是以超前(出苗——吐丝天数缩短)的现象表现出来的。

Abstract:

The behavior of 180 Single Crosses, 156 crosses and 135 inbreds was studied in this test. The result explained that:
There were the Significantly positive correlations of Single Cross, yiold per plant with number of Kernels, 100 kernels’ weight, silking date, Leaf area at eared node (LAEN), Plant height and so on. The grain number per ear was significantly positive correlation with its flower number. There was a Positive correlation between the character behavior of single cross F₁ as mentioned above with their parents and the heterosis in different degree. Flower number of ear, LAEN and Plant height had great heterosis, and Kernel row of ear had small one. Great heterosis of silking date behaved in decreasing day number from emergin to silking.