大麦减数分裂早前期诱变效应的研究

STUDIES ON THE MUTAGEN EFFECTS OF THE EARLY STAGE OF MEIOSIS PROPHASE ON BARLY

摘要:

本试验利用两种有效的诱变剂PYM和EMS,在大麦减数分裂早前期对幼穗进行注射处理,通过对其M₁花粉母细胞染色体畸变率、花粉育性,结实率及M₂性状变异等的研究表明,幼穗处理能显著提高诱变效果,增加染色体畸变率和M₂基因突变率,同时也提高了某些有益性状的变异频率。因此,认为减数分裂早前期是诱变处理的适宜时期。本试验首次采用注射处理的方法,此法能弥补常见浸泡法所造成的人为损伤过大的缺点,提高诱变效果,而且方法简便易行,是一种行之有效的方法。

Abstract:

Two effective mutagens,PYM and EMS were applied to inject young spikesduring at the early stage of meiosis prophase in barly. The rate of chromosome aberration of pollen mother cell, pollen fertility,setting percentage in M₁ and character variation in M₂ were studied. The results indicated that both the chromosomal aberration frequency and gene mutation frequency of M₂ could be increassd significantly, by injecting the solution of PYM and EMS into young spikesduring at the early stage of prophase of meiosis, indicating this method being more effective than others.
Based upon the results obtained, the author presumed that the early stage of prophase of meiosis be the optimal stage for mutation treatment. The injecting method , which was utilized first in this experiment, proved to be effective. It could compensate the mechnical injury caused by conventional dipping method ,and increase mutagenic effect. In addition, it is easier to conduct. The author considered that the injecting method is a recommendable one.