两种生态条件下玉米若干性状的对比研究

COMPARATION OF MANY MAIZE CHARACTERISTICS UNDER TWO. DIFFENT LOCATIONS

摘要:

在公主岭(玉米所试验区)与农安县高家店镇设对比试验,于1989—1990年研究了46个组合的14个性状在两地表现的差异。结果表明:
1.两地气温、降水和土壤肥力存在着显著差异。公主岭地力高,气温高,降雨多,基因型的增产潜力得到充分发挥,穗大粒重,玉米产量高。而高家店肥力差且低温少雨。少雨与肥力低影响玉米的营养生长与生殖生长,低温延迟生育期,减缓发育速度,限制“库”潜力的发挥,使产量显著降低。
2.公主岭对产量贡献最大的产量因素是每行粒数和穗行数;而高家店则是每行粒数,且百粒重为主要限制因子。
3.由于公主岭与高家店生态条件差异较大,许多在公主岭选育的组合不适于高家店,明显减产。
据此,选育适于四平地区的品种应注重穗长,行稍多、粒较大。长春西部与白城地区的育种目标则应为穗长,中粗,中粒。应在长春与白城地区设育种站,结合公主岭育种基地进行选育,以培育适应性更广的玉米新品种。

Abstract:

In order to clear if the varieties improved ira Gongzhuling suited to Gaojiadian, The difference of 14 characteristics in 46 single crosses of maize, grown at Gongzhuling and Gaojiadian, were studied from 1989 to1990,The result indicated that:
A. The average atmospheric temperature of ten dayes per month from April to September in Gongzhuling was 0.39℃ higher than that in Gaojiadian. The rainfall during the growth period in Gongzhling was 207. 85 mm more than that in Gaojiadian. The sunshine hours during this pariod in Gongzhuling were 126.9h. less than that in Gaojiadian. The lower atmospheric temperature and less rainfall limited vegitable growth,reproductive growth and filling of "storehouse". This reduced 100—kernal weight per ear remarkablely.
B. Kernel weight per ear significantly positive correlation with yield in Gongzhuling (r=0.5170^*). Kernel number per kernel row, kernel number per ear and kernel weight per ear were significantly positive correlation with yield, separately (r=0.5343^*, 0.1775^** and 0.6646^**,) in Gaojiadian,meaning that kernel number was closely correlated with yield.
C. The most important yield factors in Gongzhuling were kernel number per kernel row and number of kernel row per ear(p=1.1973,0.9783,separately), but the most important one in Gaojiadian was kernel number per kernal row (p=0.5627). 100—kernel weight was the important limit factor in Gaojiadian(p=1.0903).