吉林省糯玉米种质资源利用特点研究

A STUDY ON CHARACTERISTIC AND APPLICATION OF GLUTINOUS CORN GERMPLASM IN JILIN PROVINCE

摘要:

我省糯玉米地方品种主要分布在东部山区、半山区, 以早熟为主, 中熟次之。植株不繁茂, 穗粒偏小。接种条件下抗病虫性较差。不论农艺性状或品质地区间均有差别。吉林半山区品种果穗偏长, 穗行偏少, 百粒重、单穗粒重较高, 淀粉含量略高; 通化地区品种穗行偏多, 穗长偏短, 百粒重、单穗粒重较低, 蛋白质和赖氨酸含量相对较高。在营养成份含量间, 油分和蛋白质变幅较宽, 淀粉含量相对稳定。在蛋白质、油分、赖氮酸含量上, 有趋于高营养指标含量的品种, 也有农艺性状和营养成份含量表现具佳的品种, 如白城黄粘等。这些变异及优良品种的存在, 是我省开展品质育种的良好素材。在利用上, 绝大部分品种不宜直接利用, 通过定向选择、回交转育、外引种质导入等手段, 改进农艺性状、增强抗病性、提高产量, 可使我省糯质资源地方适应性强、品质较好等优点得以发挥。

Abstract:

Glutinous corn (Zea maize. L.) from Jilin province was distributed over mountainous or semimountainous regions in the east. The main characteristics of the corn were early or middle maturity, less toliage and small kernal as well as less resistance to the deseases and pests. There also were differences in either agronomic characters or grain guality. Longer kernal, less kernal raws, higher 100—seed weight and grain yield per kernal or starch content were the speciality of glutinous corn in Jilin region. The glutinous corn in Tonghua region had more kernal rows, Shorter kernal, lower 100—seed weight and weight per kernal, higher protein and glycine contents. Oil and protein contents had greater/variation and the starch content were relactively stable. However, Some varieties with high protein or oil or glycine contents existed. There were also varieties with either better Agronomic characters or grain quality. This was advantage of glutinous corn breeding in Jilin province. Direct application to most of the glutinous corn was not practicable. Directive selection, backeross or introgression of an exotic germplasm were preferable to improve agronomic characters and grain guality in breeding program.