高粱花黑穗病研究-症状、损失和发病条件

INVESTIGATION OF KERNEL SMUT OF SORGHUM （USTILAGO KENJIANA ITO）——SYMPTOM, LOSSES AND OCCURRENCE CONDITION

摘要:

高粱花黑穗病Ustilago kenjiana是典型的花器侵染、局部发病的病害,它只侵染子房使之肿大而花器的其他部位完好。菌瘿向内弯曲,比高粱子粒大,症状出现6天后菌瘿外膜裂开散出黑粉。病菌可侵害高粱穗任何部位的子粒,但以下部占多,达46％以上。病害对产量所造成的损失达0.14-75.7％,平均每个病穗损失产量7.26％。人工接种8个不同类型,8种米质的22个高粱品种以及两年对285个不同类型品种、杂交种的观察以中国型、紧穗、粘质和米质发病多,而亨加利型等散穗为抗病。开花前15天左右的温湿度对发病有关,雨量小,次数多对发病有利,反之则轻。

Abstract:

Kernal smut of sorghum caused by Uatilago kenjiana Ito is a typical flower infection and local disease. The fungus only infect the ovary, make it enlargid and the other parts of the flower keep well. Gall is bending, bigger than sorghum kernel, the membrane broke at 6 days after the symptom appearence. The fungus infect all kernels of the ear, but the lower part make up more than 46% of the total diseased kernel.
The yield losses among 0.14-75.3％. Artificial inoculation showed that Chinese type, tight ears and glutinous were sensitive. while Hegari type, loose ears were resistans. The temperature and humidity affect to disease during 15 days before flowering, small rainfall for more rainy times caused more diseased kernels.