吉林省大豆品种资源研究——Ⅲ.株型分类与株型育种

STUDIES ON SOYBEAN GERMPASM RESOURCES IN JILIN PROVINCE Ⅲ.THE PLANT TYPE CLASSIFICATION AND BREEDING BY THE PLANT TYPE

摘要:

本文修订了日本渡边岩的大豆株型分类方法,根据株高、分枝多少、分枝长度和分枝张开程度,把吉林省大豆品种资源的株型分为高杆主茎张开型、高杆主茎收敛型、高杆分枝张开型、高杆分枝收敛型、中杆主茎张开型、中杆主茎收敛型、中杆分枝张开型、中杆分枝收敛型、矮杆主茎张开型、矮杆主茎收敛型、矮杆分枝张开型、矮杆分枝收敛型12类。讨论了有关大豆株型以及株型育种问题,认为所谓株型应是对生长习性为直立或半直立类型的栽培品种而言,只包括茎部性状的狭义株型,对大豆产量育种更有实用意义。分析了吉林省品种的株型特点,结果表明,除株高外,其他株型性状的地理分布没有十分明显的规律性。认为株型的相对稳定性,决定于品种的基因型,株型的变化主要决定于栽培条件。现阶段吉林省大豆株型育种目标:高产水平育种,应以中杆主茎收敛型为主;中低产水平育种,应以中高杆分枝收敛型为主。目前应侧重中高杆分枝收敛型高产品种的选育。

Abstract:

The soybean plant type classification of Japan's Du Bianyan was revised. According to plant height, number, lengh and angle of branches, plant types of soybean germplasms in Jilin province were classified into 12 categories as follows. ① Long main stem type with fewer branches and large branch angles(HAa); ② Long main stem type with fewer branches and small branch angles (HAb); ③ Long main stem type with more branches and large branch angles (HBa); ④ Long main stem type with more branches and small branch angles (HBb); ⑤ Medium main stem type with fewer branches and large branch angles (MAa); ⑥ Medium main stem type with fewer branches and small branch angles (MAb); ⑦ Medium main stem type with more branches and large branch angles (MBa); ⑧ Medium main stem type with more branches and small branch angles (MBb); ⑨ Short main stem type with fewer branches and large branch angles (LAa); ⑩ Short main stem type with fewer branches and small branch angles (LAb); (11) Short main stem type with more branches and large branch angles (LBa); (12) Short main stem with more branches and small branch angles (LBb).
For plant type, we should give a definition in the range of errect or semi-errect cultivars. The plant type in a narrow sense which is difined by stem characters only is of importance for breeding on soybean yield. Of all plant type Characters, only plant height type has a regular geographical distribution. Its distribution is in conformity with pod-bearing habit and maturity groups. The relative stability of the plant type depends on. the genotype, and its variability depends on the environment condition. The breeding under high-yield level should put emphasis on the MAb type, and the breeding under lower-middle yield level should put emphasis on the HBb or MBb types in the present stage.