水稻“三早栽培”研究报告 第Ⅰ报 早熟品种高产途径的探讨

STUDY ON "THREE-EARLINESS CULTURE" IN RICE. I. RESEARCH FOR THE WAY OF THE EARLY VARIETIES’ HIGH-YIELD

摘要:

为探索寒冷地区早熟品种的高产栽培途径,采取了育种研究和栽培研究同步上路,互相渗透的方法,开展了多年的试验研究。试验结果表明:1.早、晚熟品种谷粒产量的差异,主要是早熟品种在抽穗前干物质积累量和抽穗后的转移量都比晚熟品种少所引起。2.提高早熟品种的产量必须增加它的干物质积累量和转移量。具体措施为延长早熟品种的营养生长期;提高早熟品种的同化效率;增加早熟品种的同化面积(叶面积)。3.通过早育秧、早移栽、移栽小龄秧苗的措施,有效地延长了早熟品种的营养生长期。4.选用营养生长期抗冷性强的早熟品种,采取高磷育秧的措施,强化了秧苗的抗冷素质,有效地促进了早生快发。5.早熟品种在超稀植栽培条件下,只要保证一定的氮素肥力,叶片数可增加1—2个。6.根据以上的结果,初步形成以早熟抗冷品种、早育苗、早移栽(三个早字)为基干技术的早熟高产省工低成本的“三早栽培”技术体系。

Abstract:

The study on the way of the early varieties’ high-yield in cold region was made with breeding and culture methods in Tonghua for several years.The result showed that (a)yield difference between early varieties and late ones were mainly was due to that the amount of dry matters accumulation before earing and dry matters transportation after earing in the early varieties were less than that in the late varieties. (b)It could increase the amount of the dry matlers accumulation and transportation in early varieties that the vegetative growth was lengthened and the rate of assimilation and the area of leaves were increased. (c) Rice vegetative growth was effectively lengthened by early planting, early transplanting and transplanting younger seedlings. (d) The resistance of seedlings to lower temperature was improved by using resistant varieties and more P fertilizer. (e)It increased 1-2leaf for one plant applying enough N fertilizer.
According to above resuts, "three-earliness culture" method—early and cold-resistant varieties, early planting and early transplanting—was formed.