吉林省中西部地区小麦品种产量及有关性状的演变趋向

A TENDENCY FOWARDS TO EVOLUTION ON YIELD AND ITS CHARACTERES CONCERNED FOR WHEAT CULTIVARS IN MID-WEST JILIN PROVINCE

摘要:

用50年代以来12个代表品种,随机区组三次重复,条播,在吉林省农科院试验地,旱地种植。采用常规分析,Scott—Knott聚类分析,逐步回归,通径分析等。将12个品种分成四类,分别代表五十年代,六十年代,七十年代和八十年代。产量潜力年平均增长1%,新品种比老品种增长31.2%。新品种收获指数比老品种提高了43.3%。在产量潜力递增中,主穗有效小穗数的作用最大,主茎收获指数次之,1/4立升容重较小。我省小麦的育种目标应把主穗有效小穗数列为主攻育种目标之一,同时注意提高主茎收获指数和容重。生育阶段合理结构是保持前期,缩短中期,提早抽穗,保证和稍延后期,适当提早整个生育期。

Abstract:

Twelve spring wheat Cultivars used in the experiment were drilled at random design with three replications in the dry-lend loam in 1984. Scott-Knott cluster analysis, stepwise regresssion and path-coefficent analysis were used in the study.
The twelve cultivars were grouped into four clusters, which represented 1950’s, 1960’s, 1970’s, 1980’s respectively. The mean grain yield in Creased by 1% per year. The yield for newly verieties was 1.312 times as much as old ones. Harvest index for newly verieties increased by 43.3% over the old verieties. In the increase of yield potential, the action for the number of effectual spikelet of main spike was the greatest and followed harvest index as wellas the other 1/4 litre volume woignt, So, the effectual spikelet number of main spike is main breeding objective, at meantimes harvest index of main stalk and increasing 1/4 litre volume weight should be paid more atteention to. Tzhe rational structure of growing and developing phase was to stabilioe relatively earlies stage, shorten obviously middle stage, ensure rprolong slightly latter stage and suitably shorten whole growing and developing times.