作物育种策略浅谈

A SUPERFICIAL VIEW ON CROP BREEDING

摘要:

本文针对我国作物育种实际,提出了进一步提高育种水平的五个途径。1.增加育种投入和鉴定的品系数,扩大育种规模,采用新的育种方法和先进手段与设备。改进小区设计技术以提高育种效率。2.充分利用冬繁圃和温室,适当提早测产世代,尽量缩短育种周期。3.强化产量鉴定,特别是多点异地鉴定建立有效的多点测产体系,采用科学的测产方法和程序。4.密切跟踪种子市场和生产条件的变化,及时调整育种目标以保持新品种的竟争力。同时,利用各种方式宣传和吸引农民正确选择和使用新品种。5.采取措施加强品种资源研究。积极引进外来种质,不断为作物育种提供新基因源。

Abstract:

Considering the current situation five approaches to the improvement of crop breeding in China are suggested in this paper.
1. Increasing the total input of resources spended on crop breeding and the number of lines to be tested, employing new breeding methods, advanced equipments and plot design techniquesto make breeding operation highly efficient.
2. Shortening breeding cycle by full use of winternursery and green house; properly moving up the time when breeding lines are tested for yield.
3. Putting emphasis on intensive yield test especially on multilocation tests; establishing effective yield test system and procedures.
4. Adjusting breeding objectives timely to trace the changes of production conditions and seed market and to make new cultivars more competitieve;using various means to teach and attract farmers to correctly choose arid use superious cultivars.
5. Taking steps to enhance germplasm research and actively introducing exotic germplasm to provide breeders with new gene sources.