油莎豆带状间隔采收防风固沙效应初探

Influence of Spaced Belt Harvesting on the Windbreak and Sand Fixation Effects of Tigernut

摘要:

油莎豆通常采取的地下块茎全部采收的方式，会造成土壤耕层破坏较大、扬尘增多、水土流失严重等问题。为明确带状间隔采收技术对油莎豆经济产量和防风固沙效应的影响，本研究通过野外调查、风速监测和集沙试验，以免采收(N)和全采收(H)为对照，分析了留2垄采3垄(2N3H)、留2垄采6垄(2N6H)、留2垄采9垄(2N9H)3种不同带状间隔采收对植被盖度、株高、分蘖数、鲜草产量、块茎产量、地表粗糙度、地表风速和输沙量的影响。结果表明，不同带状间隔采收显著影响了沙地的植被盖度，对油莎豆株高和分蘖数的影响不显著。块茎和鲜草产量依次为：全采收>2N9H>2N6H>2N3H>免采收，其中2N9H处理鲜草产量130.14 kg/667m²，块茎产量698.17 kg/667m²。与全采收相比，带状间隔采收处理显著增加了油莎豆采后地表粗糙度，降低地表风速和输沙量，防风固沙效应顺序为：免采收>2N3H>2N6H>2N9H>全采收，其中2N3H处理的防风效应和固沙效应分别为63.12%和20.00%。总体而言，油莎豆带状间隔采收技术是减轻沙化土地风蚀的关键措施之一，能够为油莎豆高效生态种植与可持续发展提供借鉴。

Abstract:

Tigernut(Cyperus esculentus L.) is commonly harvested by completely removing its underground tubers, which can severely disturb the soil plough layer, increase dust emissions and intensify soil erosion. To clarify the effects of strip-interval harvesting on tigernut yield and wind-erosion control and sand-fixation performance, field surveys, wind-speed monitoring and sediment-collection experiments were conducted. The no-harvesting treatment(N) and complete-harvesting treatment(H) were used as controls, and three strip-interval harvesting patterns were established: two ridges left unharvested and three harvested(2N3H), two left unharvested and six harvested (2N6H), and two left unharvested and nine harvested(2N9H). The effects of the treatments on vegetation coverage, plant height, tiller number, fresh biomass yield, tuber yield, surface roughness, near-surface wind speed and sediment transport amount were evaluated. The results showed that the different strip-interval harvesting treatments significantly affected vegetation coverage in the sandy land, but had no significant effects on tigernut plant height or tiller number. Across the five treatments, fresh biomass and tuber yields ranked as follows: H>2N9H> 2N6H>2N3H>N. Under the 2N9H treatment, fresh biomass and tuber yields were 130.14 and 698.17 kg/667 m², respectively. Compared with complete harvesting, the strip-interval harvesting treatments significantly increased post-harvest surface roughness and reduced near-surface wind speed and sediment transport amount. The overall windbreak and sand-fixation effects ranked as follows: N>2N3H>2N6H>2N9H>H. Under the 2N3H treatment, the windbreak and sand-fixation effects were 63.12% and 20.00%, respectively. Overall, strip-interval harvesting of tigernut is an important measure for reducing wind erosion in sandy land and provides a useful reference for efficient, ecological and sustainable tigernut production.