吉林省西部直播稻田除草剂筛选研究

Screening of Herbicides for Weed Control in Direct-Seeded Rice Fields in Western Jilin Province

摘要:

本研究选用11种水稻田常用除草剂，系统评价其对吉林省西部直播稻田优势杂草的防除效果及安全性。结果表明，300 g/L丙草胺乳油90 mL/667 m²苗前封闭处理对稗草防效可达90%以上，同时对莎草、阔叶杂草具有一定兼治作用；苗后茎叶处理，10%氰氟草酯微乳剂120 mL/667 m²、10%噁唑酰草胺乳油90 mL/667 m²、25%二氯喹啉酸悬浮剂120 mL/667 m²可高效防控稗草等禾本科杂草；480 g/L灭草松水剂150 mL/667 m²适用于防控鳢肠等阔叶杂草；25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂60 mL/667 m²、60 g/L五氟·氰氟草可分散油悬浮剂120 mL/667 m²兼具广谱除草活性，对稗草、鳢肠均能实现良好防控。

Abstract:

Eleven commonly used herbicides for rice fields were selected to systematically evaluate their weedcontrol efficacy and safety to rice in direct-seeded rice fields in western Jilin Province. The results showed that a pre-emergence soil-applied treatment with 300 g/L pretilachlor emulsifiable concentrate(EC) at 90 mL/667 m² provided more than 90% control of Echinochloa crus-galli and also provided some control of sedges and broadleaf weeds. For post-emergence foliar application, 10% cyhalofop-butyl microemulsion(ME) at 120 mL/667 m², 10% metamifop EC at 90 mL/667 m² and 25% quinclorac suspension concentrate(SC) at 120 mL/667 m² effectively controlled E. crus-galli and other grass weeds. A 480 g/L bentazone aqueous solution (AS) at 150 mL/667 m² was suitable for controlling the broadleaf weed Eclipta prostrata. In addition, 25 g/L penoxsulam oil dispersion (OD) at 60 mL/667 m² and 60 g/L penoxsulam + cyhalofop-butyl OD at 120 mL/667 m² showed broad-spectrum herbicidal activity and provided effective control of both E. crus-galli and E. prostrata.