增施硫肥对鲜食玉米食用品质与产量的影响

Effects of Sulfur Fertilizer Application on Edible Quality and Yield of Fresheating Maize

摘要:

为探究黑土农田施硫(S)肥对鲜食玉米植株生长发育与果穗食用品质的影响，采用田间试验的方法，分别以甜玉米脆王(CW)和糯玉米万糯2000(WN2000)为试验材料，对比分析了施S肥对两种类型鲜食玉米农艺性状、产量及果穗品质的影响。结果表明，与CK处理相比，施S肥处理下，WN2000品种的株高提升9.46%、鲜生物量21.61%，CW品种鲜生物量提高28.90%；WN2000品种的种皮厚度降低21.80%；两品种的皮渣率无差异，但施S肥处理略高于CK处理；CW锤度提升40.12%，WN2000品种提高56.05%；产量上，WN2000与CW分别较对照提高39.3%与11.7%。相关分析表明，玉米穗粗与商品穗率等性状与鲜穗产量呈显著正相关。综上，施S肥可不同程度地提高鲜食糯玉米和甜玉米的农艺性状、果穗食用品质及产量。

Abstract:

To explore the effects of sulfur(S) fertilizer application on plant growth and development and ear edible quality of fresh-eating maize in black soil farmland, field experiments were conducted using sweet maize‘Cuiwang’(CW) and waxy maize‘Wannuo 2000’(WN2000) as materials. The effects of S fertilizer application on agronomic traits, yield, and ear edible quality of two types of fresh-eating maize were compared and evaluated. Under S fertilizer treatment, compared with CK, the plant height and fresh biomass of WN2000 increased by 9.46% and 21.61%, respectively, and the fresh biomass of CW increased by 28.90%. In terms of ear edible quality, the seed coat thickness of WN2000 decreased by 21.80%. Although no significant difference in seed coat residue rate was observed between the two varieties under S fertilizer and CK treatments, the values under S fertilizer treatment were slightly higher than those under CK treatment. In terms of soluble solids content(°Brix), the CW variety increased by 40.12% and WN2000 increased by 56.05% compared with CK. The yields of WN2000 and CW increased by 39.3% and 11.7%, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. Correlation analysis showed that ear diameter and marketable ear rate showed significant positive correlations with fresh maize ear yield. In conclusion, S fertilizer application can optimize agronomic traits, enhance ear edible quality, and increase yield of fresh-eating waxy maize and sweet maize to varying degrees, providing a reference for quality improvement and efficiency enhancement in regional fresh-eating maize cultivation and industry development.