种子复合包衣对玉米群体整齐度、花后干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of Seed Compound Coating on Maize Stand Uniformity, Post-silking Dry Matter Accumulation, and Yield

摘要:

中国东北地区春播期低温易导致玉米苗期生长受阻，严重威胁产量与生产稳定性。为筛选该区域低温胁迫下适配的种子包衣技术，设置不包衣(CK)、化学包衣(CC)、生物包衣(BC)及化学+生物复合包衣(CBC)共4个处理，探究不同包衣处理对玉米出苗率、群体整齐度、干物质积累与转运及产量形成的影响。结果表明，CBC处理的出苗率和整齐度分别显著高于CK、CC和BC处理31.68%、19.10%、30.76%和8.30%、6.02%、6.16%。CBC处理较CK、CC和BC处理分别增产22.53%、9.07%和15.13%。CBC处理叶片干物质转运及对籽粒的贡献率虽显著低于CK和BC处理，但其吐丝后干物质积累对籽粒的贡献显著优于其他处理，并且CBC处理在吐丝期、乳熟期和蜡熟期的群体总叶面积最高，但SPAD与其他处理无显著差异。综上，在化学种衣剂的基础上，使用生物种衣剂二次包衣通过协同提升玉米出苗率与群体整齐度、增加有效穗数、优化干物质分配，有效缓解低温胁迫对玉米生长的抑制，进而保证玉米产量的提高。

Abstract:

Low temperatures during the spring planting season in Northeast China often hinder maize seedling growth, posing a serious threat to yield and production stability. To identify seed coating technologies adapted to low-temperature stress conditions in this region, four treatments were established: uncoated(CK), chemical coating (CC), biological coating(BC), and chemical-biological compound coating(CBC). The effects of different coating treatments on maize emergence rate, stand uniformity, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and yield formation were investigated. Results showed that the CBC treatment exhibited significantly higher emergence rates and stand uniformity compared with the CK, CC, and BC treatments by 31.68%, 19.10%, and 30.76%, and by 8.30%, 6.02%, and 6.16%, respectively. Yield in the CBC treatment increased by 22.53%, 9.07%, and 15.13% compared with CK, CC, and BC treatments, respectively. Although leaf dry matter translocation and its contribution rate to grain in the CBC treatment were significantly lower than those in the CK and BC treatments, the contribution of post-silking dry matter accumulation to grain yield in the CBC treatment was significantly greater than that in the other treatments. Furthermore, the CBC treatment exhibited the highest total canopy leaf area at the silking, milk ripening, and dough stages, though SPAD values showed no significant differences among treatments.In summary, secondary coating with a biological seed treatment on top of a chemical seed treatment synergistically enhances maize emergence rate and stand uniformity, increases effective ear number, and optimizes dry matter allocation. This effectively mitigates the inhibitory effects of low temperatures on corn growth, thereby ensuring increased corn yield.