优质高产抗病广适大豆新品种吉黑21的选育研究

Breeding of the New Soybean Cultivar Jihei 21 with High Quality, High Yield, Disease Resistance and Wide Adaptability

摘要:

吉黑21是吉林省农业科学院以吉黑1号为母本、吉青5号为父本进行有性杂交，采用系谱法与混合法相结合选育而成的高产抗病广适大豆新品种。吉黑21抗大豆灰斑病，中抗大豆花叶病毒1号株系，抗大豆花叶病毒3号株系；籽粒粗蛋白含量40.98%，粗脂肪含量20.83%；2024—2025年进行吉林省区域试验，两年区域试验平均产量为2 546.0 kg/hm²，比对照品种吉黑2号增产9.4%。多用途优异黑豆品种吉黑21的选育，为国家粮食安全提供了种源保障。本文主要介绍了吉黑21的选育过程、特征特性、抗病表现、产量表现和栽培技术要点，为该品种的推广应用提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Jihei 21 is a new black soybean cultivar with high quality, high yield, disease resistance and wide adaptability. It was developed at the Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences by sexual hybridization using Jihei 1 as the female parent and Jiqing 5 as the male parent, followed by selection using a combination of the pedigree and bulk methods. Jihei 21 is resistant to soybean frogeye leaf spot, moderately resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strain 1, and resistant to SMV strain 3. The crude protein content of its seeds is 40.98%, and the crude fat content is 20.83%. In regional trials conducted in Jilin Province from 2024 to 2025, Jihei 21 achieved an average yield of 2 546.0 kg/ha, which was 9.4% higher than that of the control cultivar Jihei 2. As an excellent multi-purpose black soybean cultivar, the successful breeding of Jihei 21 provides germplasm support for national food security. This paper mainly describes the breeding process, agronomic and quality characteristics, disease resistance performance, yield performance and key cultivation techniques of Jihei 21, providing a scientific basis for its popularization and application.