镇巴县野生树花菜(省沽油)种质资源现状及保护利用策略研究

Study on the Current Status and Conservation-Utilization Strategies of Wild Staphylea bumalda DC. Germplasm Resources in Zhenba County

摘要:

镇巴县作为巴山腹地的重要区域，孕育了丰富的野生植物资源，其中，野生树花菜(学名省沽油，Staphylea bumalda DC.)兼具高营养价值和经济价值，是当地特色资源的典型代表，且已被列为国家地理标志农产品。本文通过对镇巴县20个镇(街道)的系统普查，明确了其集中分布于海拔800~2 000 m的山溪阴湿处、山坡路边及灌丛，种群数量约10万株，目前资源面临过度采挖、群众保护意识不足、原生生态退化、配套产业发展滞后等多重威胁。因此，针对性地提出了强化宣教与社区共管、建立科学保护体系、突破人工繁育瓶颈、推动全产业链升级及构建智慧监管网络等综合策略，旨在实现资源保护与可持续利用的协同发展，为区域生态安全与特色产业振兴提供科学支撑。

Abstract:

As a key area in the core of the Bashan Mountains, Zhenba County harbors abundant wild plant resources. Among them, the wild edible plant locally known as“Shuhua cai”(Chinese name: Shengguyou; scientific name: Staphylea bumalda DC.) is a typical representative of local characteristic resources and has been certified as a National Geographical Indication agricultural product because of its high nutritional and economic value. Based on a systematic field survey covering 20 towns and subdistricts in Zhenba County, this study shows that its wild populations are mainly distributed in damp habitats along mountain streams, on roadside slopes, and in shrublands at elevations of 800-2000 m, with an estimated total population of about 100 000 individuals. However, these resources are currently facing multiple threats, including overharvesting, weak public awareness of conservation, degradation of native habitats, and lagging development of supporting industries. In response, this paper proposes a set of targeted, integrated strategies: strengthening public education and community comanagement, establishing a scientific conservation system, overcoming technical bottlenecks in artificial propagation, promoting the upgrading of the whole industry chain and building an intelligent monitoring and regulation network. These strategies aim to achieve the coordinated development of resource conservation and sustainable utilization, thereby providing scientific support for regional ecological security and the revitalization of characteristic local industries.