不同种植密度对生姜生长特性、产量及块茎品质的影响

Effects of Different Planting Densities on the Growth Characteristics, Yield and Tuber Quality of Ginger

摘要:

为明确不同种植密度对生姜(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)生长特性、产量及块茎品质的影响，以“长姜1号”为材料，设置4种种植密度，系统分析了种植密度对生姜生长、光合特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明，不同种植密度对生姜的株高、茎粗、根鲜重、茎鲜重、叶鲜重及根冠比均产生显著影响(P<0.05)，随密度降低，各指标均呈上升趋势，其中以T4处理下表现最优。T4处理下生姜叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率及胞间CO₂浓度较当地常规种植密度处理(T2)相比显著提高16.08%、25.51%和6.19%。T3处理下产量最高，较T1、T2和T4分别提高16.88%、8.45%和15.76%，表明适中密度有助于协调个体与群体关系，实现产量最优。品质方面，随着种植密度降低，姜辣素、可溶性蛋白、维生素C及姜黄素含量均增加，而粗纤维含量降低。综合考虑不同种植密度处理下生姜生长、产量与品质表现，T3和T4处理在产量与品质间表现较为协调，适宜作为湖北地区“长姜1号”栽培的最佳种植密度。

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of different planting densities on the growth characteristics, yield, and tuber quality of ginger(Zingiber officinale Rosc.), this study used the“Changjiang No. 1”cultivar and established four planting densities. The results indicated that planting density significantly affected ginger yield, photosynthetic characteristics, quality, and yield (P<0.05). All parameters increased with decreasing density, with T4 showing the most favorable performance. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂ concentration of ginger leaves under T4 treatment were significantly increased by 16.08%, 25.51%, and 6.19% compared with the local conventional planting density treatment(T2). The T3 treatment yielded the highest yield, exceeding T1, T2, and T4 by 16.88%, 8.45%, and 15.76%, respectively, indicating that moderate density helps balance individual and collective relationships to achieve optimal yield. Regarding quality, as density decreased, gingerol, soluble protein, vitamin C, and curcumin content all increased, while crude fiber content decreased. Comprehensively considering the growth, yield, and quality performance of ginger under different planting density treatments, the T3 and T4 treatments showed relatively harmonious performance in terms of yield and quality, and were suitable as the optimal planting densities for the cultivation of "Changjiang No.1" in Hubei region.