微生物菌剂配施改良玉米秸秆还田土壤：秸秆粒径和微生物菌剂与玉米秸秆配比的影响

Improvement of Soils under Maize Straw Returning by Combined Application of Microbial Agents: Effects of Straw Particle Size and Microbial Agent-to-Straw Ratio

摘要:

通过室外盆栽试验和室内分析检测，探究了玉米秸秆粒径和微生物菌剂与玉米秸秆配比对玉米—小麦轮作土壤关键理化指标的影响。结果表明，以2~6 cm粉碎粒径和1:2 000的配比水平的玉米秸秆还田效果较好，在45 d监测周期内，玉米—小麦轮作土壤中全磷、水解氮、速效钾、有效磷等指标呈现先升高、后下降，有机质和含水率逐渐降低，可有效改善土壤部分速效养分状况，特别是土壤有机质的提升和保水性能方面具有较好的优势。

Abstract:

The effects of maize straw particle size and the ratio of microbial agents to maize straw on key physicochemical properties of soils under maize-wheat rotation were investigated using outdoor pot experiments combined with laboratory analyses. Maize straw returning with a particle size of 2-6 cm and a microbial agent-to-straw ratio of 1: 2000 was found to produce the most favorable effects. During the 45-day monitoring period, the contents of total phosphorus, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in the maize-wheat rotation soils initially increased and subsequently decreased, whereas soil organic matter content and moisture content gradually declined. This practice effectively improved certain soil available nutrients and showed pronounced advantages, particularly in increasing soil organic matter and enhancing soil water retention capacity.