2017—2025年中国黄瓜品种登记状况和发展趋势分析

Analysis of Current Status and Development Trends of Cucumber Variety Registration in China (2017-2025)

摘要:

基于中国种业大数据平台，对2017—2025年我国黄瓜品种登记情况进行系统分析，涵盖品种数量、品种类型、申请单位及适宜种植区域分布等方面。结果表明，共有476家单位申请登记2 207份黄瓜品种，其中杂交种占94.5%。申请登记的黄瓜品种类型以华北型为主(61.2%)，华南型(26.7%)和水果型(11.5%)品种数量逐年上升，加工型品种占比很少(0.6%)。企业占申请主体的83.2%，但仅有35家单位登记品种数量超过10份，表明我国黄瓜育种研发力量分散、创新能力整体偏弱。天津地区在华北型黄瓜育种中占据主导地位，适宜种植黄瓜品种数量较多集中在山东、河北、辽宁、河南和黑龙江等省份。申请登记品种与适种品种的数量在地区分布上存在严重失衡，导致部分地区生产上依赖外省育成的品种。此外，申请植物新品种权的黄瓜品种仅占登记品种数量的39.4%，表明登记品种存在较为突出的同质化问题，且品种命名不够规范。建议通过加强登记品种的DNA指纹数据库建设与市场监管，提升黄瓜育种创新能力，推动黄瓜品种多元化发展。

Abstract:

A systematic analysis was conducted on cucumber varieties registered in China from 2017 to 2025 based on the China Seed Industry Big Data Platform, focusing on registration volume, variety type, applicant entity, and the distribution of suitable planting regions. A total of 2,207 cucumber varieties were registered by 476 entities, among which hybrids accounted for 94.5%. North China-type dominated the registrations(61.2%), while the proportions of South China-type(26.7%) and fruit-type cucumber(11.5%) varieties exhibited increasing trends. Processing-type varieties represented only a minimal fraction(0.6%). Enterprises constituted 83.2% of the applicant entities. However, only 35 entities registered more than 10 varieties, indicating a dispersed distribution of cucumber breeding capacity in China and the need for enhanced innovation capability. Tianjin held a dominant position in North China-type cucumber breeding, while provinces with a larger number of suitable cucumber varieties are concentrated in Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Henan, and Heilongjiang. The regional imbalance was observed between the number of registered varieties and the distribution of suitable planting areas, leading to production dependence on varieties bred in other provinces in certain regions. Furthermore, only 39.4% of the registered cucumber varieties had applied for Plant Breeder's Rights, indicating prominent issues of varietal homogeneity and nonstandardized naming practices. It is recommended to strengthen the DNA fingerprint database of registered varieties and enhance market supervision to promote the diversified development of cucumber varieties and improve the breeding innovation capacity of the cucumber industry.