两种食用菌菌糠与鸡粪不同配比对有机肥发酵参数的影响

Effects of the Ratios of Two Spent Mushroom Substrates to Chicken Manure on Fermentation Parameters of Organic Fertilizer

摘要:

为研究平菇、杏鲍菇菌糠与鸡粪不同配比对有机肥发酵参数的影响，同时筛选合适的堆肥配方，试验设5个菌糠与鸡粪的配比方案，分别为：平菇(P)和杏鲍菇(XB)菌糠与鸡粪按150∶0、120∶30、90∶60、60∶90、30∶120的质量比混合，并接种微生物菌剂。分析菌糠与鸡粪不同配比对发酵温度、有机质含量、总养分(氮、磷、钾)含量、C/N、电导率(EC)、pH值和种子发芽指数(GI)的影响。结果表明，除P₁和XB₁处理，其他处理的发酵温度都超过55℃，并持续5 d以上；经过发酵后，不同处理的有机质含量和C/N均显著下降，且添加鸡粪处理的有机质含量低于未添加鸡粪处理；同时，所有处理的养分含量都有所增加，添加鸡粪处理的总养分含量和EC均高于未添加鸡粪处理，且随鸡粪添加量的增加EC也随之增加。而当鸡粪添加量过多时，种子的发芽指数会受到影响。综合分析，能够满足NY/T 525-2021《有机肥》要求的是P₂和XB₂处理，即平菇和杏鲍菇菌糠与鸡粪按120∶30的质量比混合为最佳的堆肥发酵方案。但是由于XB₂处理的EC较高(4.9 mS/cm)，应与土壤或其他基质混合后使用。

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different ratios of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii spent mushroom substrates to chicken manure on the fermentation parameters of organic fertilizer, and to screen the appropriate composting formula, five treatments with different mass ratios of spent mushroom substrates to chicken manure were set up in the experiment. Pleurotus ostreatus(P) and Pleurotus eryngii(XB) spent mushroom substrates were mixed with chicken manure at mass ratios of 150:0(Treatment 1), 120:30(Treatment 2), 90:60 (Treatment 3), 60:90(Treatment 4), and 30:120(Treatment 5), followed by inoculation with microbial agents. The effects of different ratios on fermentation temperature, organic matter content, total nutrient(nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) content, C/N ratio, electrical conductivity(EC), pH value, and seed germination index(GI) were analyzed. The results showed that except for P₁ and XB₁, the fermentation temperature of other treatments exceeded 55℃ and lasted for more than 5 days. After fermentation, the organic matter content and C/N ratio of spent mushroom substrates(Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii) in different treatments decreased significantly, and the organic matter content of treatments with chicken manure addition was significantly lower than that of treatments without chicken manure. Meanwhile, the nutrient content of all treatments increased; the total nutrient content and EC of treatments with chicken manure addition were higher than those without chicken manure, and EC increased with the increase of chicken manure addition. Excessive addition of chicken manure would affect the seed germination index. Comprehensive analysis showed that Treatments P₂ and XB₂ could meet the requirements of NY/T 525-2021 "Organic Fertilizer" and achieve better maturity standards, i.e., the optimal fermentation scheme is to mix Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii spent mushroom substrates with chicken manure at a mass ratio of 120:30. However, due to the high EC(4.9 mS/cm) of Treatment XB₂, it should be mixed with soil or other substrates before use.