连年多点定位监测畜禽粪肥部分替代氮肥对土壤理化性状及作物产量的影响

Multi-Year and Multi-Site Localized Monitoring of the Effects of Partial Substitution of Nitrogen Fertilizer with Livestock Manure on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Crop Yield

摘要:

针对淮南丘陵垄岗地区施肥引发的农业面源污染问题，在该区域不同类型土壤上，以监测有机肥替代部分氮肥对小麦、水稻、茶叶和蔬菜产量和土壤理化性状的影响为对象进行监测，系统研究了常规施氮水平和粪肥替代10% N对土壤理化性状、作物产量的响应。结果表明，减施氮肥，配施畜禽粪肥，能够提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾养分含量，并能够增加土壤阳离子交换量，降低土壤容重，改善土壤结构，对土壤理化性状具有积极作用；可以提高小麦、水稻的产量，分别提高301.50、64.95 kg/hm²。有机肥与化肥氮、磷、钾配合施用对小麦、水稻高产稳定和提升土壤肥力有重要的作用，而对毛尖茶和生育期短的蔬菜产量有一定的影响，且产量下降明显。

Abstract:

To address the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by fertilization in the hilly and ridge areas of Huainan, this study monitored the effects of partially substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the yields of wheat, rice, tea, and vegetables, as well as on soil physicochemical properties, across different soil types in the region. The experiment included two treatments: conventional fertilization and substitution of 10% nitrogen with livestock manure. A systematic investigation was conducted on the responses of soil physicochemical properties and crop yields under conventional nitrogen application levels and 10% nitrogen substitution with manure.The results showed that reducing nitrogen fertilizer application while supplementing with livestock manure could increase soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium content. It also enhanced soil cation exchange capacity, reduced bulk density, improved soil structure, and positively influenced soil physicochemical properties. Additionally, this approach increased the yields of wheat and rice by 301.5 kg/ha and 64.95 kg/ha, respectively. The combined application of organic fertilizer with chemical N, P, and K fertilizers played a significant role in achieving stable and high yields for wheat and rice while improving soil fertility. However, it had a certain impact on the yield of Maojian tea and short-growth-period vegetables, with a noticeable decline in production.