浅埋滴灌下秸秆还田与养分优化管理实现玉米产量和土壤肥力协同提升

Synergistic Improvement of Maize Yield and Soil Fertility Through Straw Returning and Optimized Nutrient Management under Shallow Buried Drip Irrigation

摘要:

为系统研究半干旱区不同栽培模式对土壤肥力和玉米产量的影响，采用大田试验，设置不施肥(T1)、传统施肥模式(T2)、优化施肥模式(T3)、秸秆还田+优化施肥模式(T4)，研究不同模式对玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、SPAD值、玉米产量以及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明，T3、T4处理在较T2处理分别减施氮、磷、钾15.4%、28.6%和10.0%的条件下，玉米各生育时期株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和SPAD值均显著提高(P<0.05)，其中以T2处理最高。与T2处理相比，T3、T4处理通过提高玉米穗粒数(3.2%和7.4%)和百粒重(4.5%和6.4%)，使玉米产量显著提高(P<0.05)，增幅为5.7%和8.8%。与试验起始时相比，T4处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量和速效钾含量，水解性氮和有效磷含量无显著变化。综上所述，通过秸秆还田配合优化施肥，可实现半干旱区玉米产量和土壤肥力协同提升。

Abstract:

To systematically investigate the effects of different cultivation practices on soil fertility and maize yield in the semi-arid regions of Northeast China, a field experiment was conducted with the following treatments: no fertilization(T1), traditional fertilization practice(T2), optimized fertilization practice(T3), and deep tillage with straw returning + optimized fertilization practice(T4). The study examined the effects of different treatments on maize plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index(LAI), SPAD value, maize yield and soil nutrient content. The results showed that, compared to T2 treatment, T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased(P<0.05) maize plant height, stem diameter, LAI and SPAD value at all growth stages, with nitrogen(N), phosphorus (P) and potassium(K) application rates reduced by 15.4%, 28.6%, and 10.0%, respectively. Among them, T4 treatment achieved the highest values. Compared to T2 treatment, T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased maize yield by 5.7% and 8.8%(P<0.05), mainly by increasing kernel number per ear(3.2% and 7.4%) and 100-kernel weight(4.5% and 6.4%). Compared to the initial soil conditions, T4 treatment significantly increased soil organic matter and available K content, while there were no significant changes in hydrolytic N and available P content. In conclusion, the combination of straw returning and optimized fertilization can synergistically enhance maize yield and soil fertility in the semi-arid regions of Northeast China.