基于水稻秧苗素质综合定量分级评价的水稻半钵盘精确定位点播育秧效应分析

Analysis of the Effect of Precise Positioning and Spot Seeding Seedling Raising of Rice Half Bowl-shaped Tray Based on Comprehensive Quantitative Grading Evaluation of Rice Seedling Quality

摘要:

为明确水稻精确定位点播育秧提高水稻秧苗素质的效应，以《寒地优质高产水稻生产技术规程》中的壮苗标准为基础，通过赋予各项指标不同权重，计算加权综合得分，提出水稻秧苗素质综合定量分级评价标准，并以此为依据分析比较不同播种方式育苗效果，对吉粳830、吉粳816调查的秧苗素质(旱育大苗)指标进行赋分。结果表明，在所调查的秧苗素质指标范围内，吉粳816精准定位点播的秧苗素质总分为41分，分别比撒播、机播增加13.9%、7.9%，平均提高10.9%；吉粳830精准定位点播的秧苗素质总分为40分，分别比撒播、机播增加14.3%、29.0%，平均提高21.7%，两个品种秧苗素质平均提升16.3%。精确定位点播降低播种量44.7%~63.4%，通过提高秧苗素质，促进低节位分蘖形成和生存，理论产量增加4.0%~14.6%。

Abstract:

To clarify the effect of precise positioning and spot seeding on improving rice seedling quality in seedling raising, different weights were assigned to each index based on the strong seedling criteria specified in the Technical Code for High-quality and High-yield Rice Production in Cold Regions, the weighted comprehensive score was calculated, and a comprehensive quantitative grading evaluation standard for rice seedling quality was proposed. Based on this standard, the seedling raising effects of different sowing methods were analyzed and compared, and the seedling quality indicators(dry-raised large seedlings) of Jijing 830 and Jijing 816 were scored. The results showed that within the scope of the investigated seedling quality indicators, the total seedling quality score of Jijing 816 under precise positioning and spot seeding reached 41 points, which was 13.9% and 7.9% higher than that under manual broadcasting and mechanical sowing, with an average increase of 10.9%. The total seedling quality score of Jijing 830 under the same sowing method was 40 points, which was 14.3% and 29.0% higher than that under manual broadcasting and mechanical sowing, with an average increase of 21.7%. The average seedling quality of the two varieties was improved by 16.3%. The sowing rate was reduced by 44.7%-63.4% under precise positioning and spot seeding; the formation and survival of low-node tillers were promoted by the improvement of seedling quality, resulting in an increase in theoretical yield by 4.0%-14.6%.