基于厌氧氨氧化工艺的生活污水处理氮素去除效率优化研究

Optimization of Nitrogen Removal Efficiency in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Based on Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Process

摘要:

针对生活污水处理工艺氮素去除效率低、能耗高的瓶颈问题，提出基于厌氧氨氧化工艺的生活污水处理氮素去除效率优化方法。设计由厌氧处理单元、半亚硝化反应单元和厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)单元构成的试验装置，选择接种污泥和人工合成生活污水后，利用试验装置对人工污水进行处理。选择葡萄糖作为有机碳源，依据有机碳源添加浓度(依次为100、150、200、250 mg/L)，将生活污水处理阶段分为4个阶段，在该4个阶段内采集处理后的水样进行检测，计算厌氧氨氧化工艺试验装置反应周期内的水样氨氮、硝态氮浓度和去除率等。结果表明，该方法对亚硝态氮去除率始终稳定在100%，总氮去除率超过96%，但氨氮去除率从第1阶段接近100%逐渐降至第4阶段的89%左右，这是因为高浓度有机物抑制了厌氧氨氧化菌活性，使得反硝化菌在反应中占据主导地位。荧光光谱分析表明，随着阶段推进，类蛋白物质显著增加，从约2 000 a.u.增长至7 000 a.u.以上，类腐殖酸则相对稳定，且水样处理前化学需氧量在1 967.9～2 155.4 mg/L，处理后降至223.6～270.2 mg/L，其应用效果显著。

Abstract:

Aiming at the bottleneck problems of low nitrogen removal efficiency and high energy consumption in domestic sewage treatment processes, an optimization method for nitrogen removal efficiency in domestic sewage treatment based on the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process is proposed. This study designed an experimental device consisting of an anaerobic treatment unit, a partial nitritation unit, and an anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing(ANAMMOX) unit. After selecting inoculated sludge and synthetic domestic sewage, the experimental device was used to treat the sewage. With glucose as the organic carbon source, the domestic sewage treatment was divided into four stages based on the added organic carbon source concentrations(100, 150, 200, 250 mg/L). During these four stages, treated water samples were collected and tested to calculate the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, as well as their removal rates, during the reaction cycle of the ANAMMOX-based experimental device. The results showed that this method consistently achieved a 100% nitrite nitrogen removal rate and a total nitrogen removal rate exceeding 96%. However, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate gradually decreased from nearly 100% in the first stage to approximately 89% in the fourth stage, which was attributed to the inhibition of ANAMMOX bacteria(AnAOB) activity by high organic matter concentrations, leading to denitrifying bacteria dominating the reaction. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis indicated that as the stages progressed,protein-like substances increased significantly, from about 2000 a. u. to over 7000 a. u., while humic-like substances remained relatively stable. The chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the water samples before treatment ranged from 1967.9 to 2155.4 mg/L, and after treatment, it decreased to 223.6–270.2 mg/L, demonstrating a significant application effect.