不同施肥措施对小麦玉米轮作地土壤肥力及产量的影响

Study on the Effects of Different Fertilization Measures on Soil Fertility and Yield in Wheat-Maize Rotation Fields

摘要:

为达到耕地化肥减量增效，提高农作物产量的目的，利用有机肥和菌肥部分替代复合肥，研究其对小麦玉米轮作地土壤肥力和产量的影响。结果表明，有机肥和菌肥部分替代复合肥，可以有效提升小麦玉米轮作地的土壤酶活性和土壤肥力；小麦产量与土壤中全氮含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、有机质含量、脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性呈正相关，与蔗糖酶活性呈负相关；玉米产量与土壤中全氮含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、有机质含量、脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、蔗糖酶活性呈负相关；小麦种植季适合施加有机肥或者菌肥，玉米种植季适合施加复合肥；建议采用150 kg/hm²菌肥+450 kg/hm²复合肥的施肥方式为小麦玉米轮作地的推荐施肥方案，一个轮作周期内的粮食总产量相比仅施用复合肥提高7.2%。

Abstract:

To achieve the goal of reducing chemical fertilizer application rate while improving its efficiency in farmland and increasing crop yields, a comparative study on soil fertility and yield was conducted in wheat-maize rotation fields by partially substituting compound fertilizer with organic fertilizer or microbial fertilizer. The results showed that partial replacement of compound fertilizer with organic fertilizer or microbial fertilizer for nutrient management in wheat-maize rotation fields can effectively enhance soil enzyme activity and soil fertility indicators. Wheat yield was positively correlated with soil total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, organic matter content, urease activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity, but negatively correlated with soil invertase activity. In contrast, corn yield was negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, organic matter content, urease activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and invertase activity. Specifically, it is suitable to apply organic fertilizer or microbial fertilizer during the winter wheat planting season, whereas compound fertilizer is more appropriate during the summer corn planting season. It is recommended to adopt a fertilization regime of 150 kg/ha microbial fertilizer combined with 450 kg/ha compound fertilizer as the optimal fertilization scheme for wheat-maize rotation fields. Compared with the treatment of applying only compound fertilizer, the total grain yield within one rotation cycle increased by 7.2%.