探讨盐碱胁迫对宁夏稻米氨基酸和蛋白质含量的影响

Effects of Saline-Alkali Stress on Amino Acid and Protein Contents in Rice Grains from Ningxia

摘要:

本试验以宁夏大面积种植的水稻品种富源4号、宁粳41号、宁粳57号为试验材料，在播后上水和保墒旱直播两种种植方式下，设置轻度盐碱、中度盐碱、重度盐碱和对照4种不同盐碱梯度处理，开展盐碱胁迫下宁夏稻米蛋白质和氨基酸含量变化的研究。研究表明：在4种盐碱胁迫下，3种栽培方式中试验水稻品种产量均随着盐碱胁迫梯度增加产量降低，播后上水的种植方式下的宁粳57号稻米与富源4号和宁粳41号稻米相比，蛋白质含量上升趋势较明显，氨基酸含量呈上升趋势，其渗透调节能力较强，对于不良环境的抵抗力较强，表现出较强的耐盐碱特性；保墒旱直播种植方式与播后上水的种植方式相比，播后上水种植方式下的富源4号稻米中氨基酸含量和蛋白质含量均高于保墒旱直播种植方式下的富源4号稻米中氨基酸和蛋白质含量，播后上水种植方式下的富源4号稻米的营养品质较高，即富源4号更适于播后上水的种植方式。

Abstract:

In this study, three widely cultivated rice cultivars in Ningxia, namely Fuyuan No.4, Ningjing No.41,and Ningjing No.57, were used as experimental materials. Under two cultivation methods(watering after sowing and dry direct seeding with soil moisture preservation), four saline-alkali stress gradients(control, mild, moderate,and severe saline-alkali stress) were set to investigate the changes in protein and amino acid contents in rice grains under saline-alkali stress. Additionally, pot planting was conducted as an auxiliary treatment. The results showed that: Under the four saline-alkali stress gradients, the yield of all three rice cultivars decreased with the increase of saline-alkali stress intensity across the cultivation methods. Specifically, under the watering-aftersowing method, compared with Fuyuan No.4 and Ningjing No.41, Ningjing No.57 exhibited a more significant increase in protein content and an upward trend in amino acid content. It also showed stronger osmotic adjustment capacity and resistance to adverse environments, indicating superior saline-alkali tolerance. Furthermore, compared with the dry direct seeding with soil moisture preservation method, Fuyuan No.4 under the watering-aftersowing method had higher amino acid and protein contents, resulting in better nutritional quality. Therefore,Fuyuan No.4 is more suitable for the watering-after-sowing cultivation method.