Abstract:Currently, agricultural activities have ranked as the third largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in China. Promoting the green and low-carbon transition of agriculture is not only an inherent demand for achieving sustainable agricultural development, but also a key measure to address global climate change and fulfill international emission reduction commitments. By deeply analyzing the "green connotation" of new agricultural productivity, clarifying the theoretical logic of how new agricultural productivity empowers the green and low-carbon transition of agriculture from the essence of productivity, and basing on the current practical challenges faced by the green and low-carbon transition of agriculture, specific practical paths for new agricultural productivity to empower the green and low-carbon transition of agriculture are proposed. It provides ideological inspiration and practical reference for building a modern agricultural industrial system and contributes to the construction of a strong agricultural country.