公主岭霉素在人参中的应用技术研究及效果评价

Research on the Application Technology and Effect Evaluation of Gongzhulingmycin in Ginseng

摘要:

为明确公主岭霉素在促进人参生长、调控酶活性及预防锈腐病方面的作用，本研究评估了灌根、浸种与喷施3种方式下，不同浓度该制剂在人参中的应用技术效果。结果表明，公主岭霉素50×处理组浸种后使出苗率提高至86.11%，存苗率达87.74%，分别较清水对照提升5.43%和55.40%，二年生人参植株经灌根处理后，50×与100×处理对株高均无显著影响，在根部生长方面，100×处理对根长和根粗均有显著促进作用，且100×效果优于50×，其中根长在药后9 d和15 d增幅超过100%。根粗生长上，100×处理的促进作用可持续至9 d，而50x处理的促进效果在后期减弱。此外，两种浓度均能显著增加叶重与根重，其中100×处理对根重的促进效应更为持久，在4个观测时间点增幅67.88%～138.89%。100x处理组对人参锈腐病防效达79.70%，病株率仅为9.20%，较对照提高5.03倍，UR土壤酶活性较对照提高2.10倍。对三年生人参植株叶面喷施公主岭霉素1 d后，50×处理组的叶片内SOD活性呈现较高的表达量，是对照的1.6倍。综上，公主岭霉素可通过浸种、灌根和喷施等多种施用方式，有效提升人参的出苗存苗率、促进根系与生物量生长、增强叶片与土壤酶活性，并对锈腐病表现出显著的防治效果，是一种兼具促生与防病潜力的高效生物制剂。

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of Gongzhulingmycin on promoting Panax ginseng growth, regulating enzymatic activity, and preventing rust rot, this study evaluated the technical efficacy of different concentrations of the agent applied through three methods: root irrigation, seed soaking, and foliar spraying. The results showed that seed soaking with Gongzhulingmycin at 50× increased the emergence rate to 86.11% and the seedling survival rate to 87.74%, representing improvements of 5.43% and 55.40%, respectively, compared to the water control. In twoyear-old ginseng plants treated via root irrigation, both 50× and 100× concentrations had no significant effect on plant height. Regarding root growth, the 100× treatment significantly promoted root length and root thickness,with root length increasing by over 100% at 9 and 15 days after treatment. The promoting effect on root thickness persisted until day 9 with the 100× treatment, whereas the effect of the 50× treatment weakened in the later stage.Additionally, both concentrations significantly increased leaf and root weight, with the 100× treatment showing a more sustained promoting effect on root weight, achieving increases of 67.88% to 138.89% across four observation time points. The 100× treatment also provided 79.70% control efficacy against ginseng rust rot, with a disease incidence of only 9.20%, representing a 5.03-fold improvement over the control,UR soil enzyme activity was 2.10 times higher than that in the control group. In three-year-old ginseng plants, foliar spraying with Gongzhulingmycin at 50× resulted in a 1.6-fold higher SOD activity in the leaves one day after treatment compared to the control. In summary, Gongzhulingmycin, applied through various methods such as seed soaking, root irrigation,and foliar spraying, effectively enhances ginseng emergence and seedling survival rates, promotes root growth and biomass accumulation, improves leaf and soil enzyme activities, and demonstrates significant control efficacy against rust rot. It is an efficient biological agent with the potential to both promote growth and prevent disease.