不同施肥方式对水稻科优1号品质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Quality of Keyou 1 Rice

摘要:

本研究旨在探究不同施肥方式与稻米品质间的关系，不同氮肥用量和施肥时期对水稻的产量、品质和理化性质的影响。为优化水稻施肥策略提供理论依据。以水稻品种科优1号为试验材料，设置5个处理：常规施肥(CK)、减氮30%+穗氮前移+叶面硅肥(处理2)、减氮38.25%+穗氮前移+生物有机肥(处理3)、减氮30%+免穗肥(处理4)、减氮30%+穗氮前移+宽窄行(处理5)，分析不同处理对产量构成因子(株高、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重)及稻米加工、外观、食味品质的影响。结果表明，处理2和处理5的产量显著高于CK，分别达529.6 kg/667 m²和425.8 kg/667 m²，其中处理5通过宽窄行栽培显著提升整精米率(81.4%)并降低垩白度(0.7%)；处理4食味值最高(84分)，蛋白质含量最低(6.1%)，可见减氮结合穗肥调控可优化稻米营养品质。综上，减氮肥30%常规施肥量+免穗肥+叶面硅肥，能够实现产量与品质的协同提升，为水稻绿色高效栽培提供技术支撑。

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different fertilization methods and rice quality,as well as the effects of nitrogen application rates and fertilization timing on rice yield, quality, and physicochemical properties, thereby providing a theoretical basis for optimizing fertilization strategies. Using the rice variety Keyou 1 as experimental material, five treatments were established: conventional fertilization（CK）, 30% nitrogen reduction+shifting nitrogen application to the panicle initiation stage+foliar silicon fertilizer（T₂）, 38.25% nitrogen reduction+shifting nitrogen application to the panicle initiation stage+bio-organic fertilizer（T₃）, 30% nitrogen reduction+no panicle fertilizer（T₄）, and 30% nitrogen reduction+shifting nitrogen application to the panicle initiation stage+wide-narrow row planting（T₅）. The effects of these treatments on yield components（plant height, grains per panicle, seed-setting rate, 1 000-grain weight） and rice processing, appearance, and were analyzed. The results showed that T₂ and T₅ achieved significantly higher yields than CK, reaching 529.6 kg/667 m² and 425.8 kg/667m², respectively. T₅ significantly improved head rice rate（81.4%） and reduced chalkiness degree（0.7%） through wide-narrow row cultivation. T₄ exhibited the highest taste value（84 points） and lowest protein content（6.1%）, indicating that nitrogen reduction combined with panicle fertilizer regulation could optimize rice nutritional quality.In conclusion, a 30% reduction in conventional nitrogen application combined with no panicle fertilizer and foliar silicon fertilizer achieved synergistic improvement in both yield and quality, providing technical support for green and efficient rice cultivation.