不同氮、磷肥配施对秦艽产量和有效成分的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Active Ingredients of Gentiana macrophylla

摘要:

为明确不同氮、磷肥配施对秦艽产量和有效成分的影响，确定秦艽标准化生产中氮、磷肥最佳用量，在秦艽主产区通过“3414”部分试验，研究不同施肥处理对秦艽产量、根系性状及有效成分的影响。结果表明，不同氮、磷肥配施对秦艽根系性状、环烯醚萜苷含量和产量均影响显著（P<0.05）。其中，秦艽根系性状变异系数为：根分支数>单根鲜重>根长>根粗，秦艽根中4种环烯醚萜苷含量变化为龙胆苦苷>马钱苷酸>獐牙菜苷>獐牙菜苦苷，同时秦艽根中4种环烯醚萜苷有效成分总量和产量在T₆处理时达到最高，分别为12.14%和20 784.1 kg/hm²，且分别较对照（T₁）显著增加（P<0.05）。综上所述，秦艽目标产量19 500～21 000 kg/hm²时，在22.5 t/hm²有机肥作基肥的条件下，N用量控制在69.0～96.6 kg/hm²,P₂O₅用量控制在24.0～36.0 kg/hm²，适宜配施比例为2.8∶1。

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of different nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） fertilizer rates on yield and active ingredients of Gentiana macrophylla and determine optimal fertilization strategies for its standardized production, a "3414" partial factorial design experiment was conducted in its main producing area. The study analyzed the impacts of various fertilization treatments on yield, root traits, and iridoid glycoside content. The results showed significant effects（P＜0.05） of N-P combinations on root traits, total iridoid glycoside content, and yield. The coefficient of variation of root traits followed the order: root branch number＞single root fresh weight＞root length＞root diameter. Among the four iridoid glycosides in roots, the content sequence was gentiopicroside＞loganic acid＞sweroside＞swertiamarin. The highest total iridoid glycoside content（12.14%） and yield（20,784.1 kg/ha） were observed in treatment T6, which increased by 35% and 42%, respectively, compared with the control（T₁, P＜0.05）.For a target yield of 19,500-21,000 kg/ha with a base application of 22.5 t/ha organic fertilizer, optimal N application ranged from 69.0 to 96.6 kg/ha, P₂O₅ from 24.0 to 36.0 kg/ha, and the N:P₂O₅ ratio was 2.8:1.