不同肥料配施对油莎豆产量和品质的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Different Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Tiger Nut

摘要:

为明确不同肥料配施对油莎豆产量与品质的影响，本研究于2021年和2022年以‘吉莎2号’为材料，分析氮磷钾肥配施对油莎豆株高、地上部干鲜重、产量、品质和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明，两年油莎豆株高在N₄处理时最高，分别高于CK 49.16%和50.72%，氮肥对株高影响较大；油莎豆分蘖数随着施氮量增加而增加，随着磷、钾肥施用量的增加分蘖数呈先升高后下降趋势；氮肥对粗蛋白含量的影响大于磷钾肥；油莎豆百粒重受钾肥影响大，磷肥对油莎豆产量影响最为显著，两年籽粒产量与CK相比分别增产142.83%和130.75%，同时，磷肥农学利用率在P₂O₅150 kg/hm²条件下达到最大。

Abstract:

In order to determine the effects of different fertilizer combinations on the yield and quality of tiger nut, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on plant height, above-ground dry and fresh weight, yield, quality and fertilizer utilization rate of tiger nut were analyzed in 2021 and 2022 using ‘Jisha No. 2’as the test material. The results showed that the plant height was the highest in N4 treatment, which was 49.16% and 50.72% higher than CK. The number of tillers in tiger nut increased with the increase of nitrogen application,and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on crude protein content was greater than that of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the range of changes in crude protein content was relatively larger than that of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. The 100-grain weight was greatly influenced by potassium fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizers had the most significant effect on the yield of tiger nut compared with CK, the grain yield increased by 142.83% and 130.75% in the two years, respectively. Meanwhile, the agronomic utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer reached the maximum under P₂O₅ 150 kg/ha.