承德市农田土壤质量演变对农业生产力的影响及调控机制研究

Effects of Farmland Soil Quality Evolution on Agricultural Productivity and Its Regulation Mechanisms in Chengde City

摘要:

针对承德市设施蔬菜土壤退化问题，2021—2022年在平泉市、围场县、隆化县、宽城县、兴隆县、承德县采集360余份土壤样品进行系统检测。承德市设施蔬菜土壤呈复合退化特征，有效磷含量(267～334 mg/kg)和速效钾含量(786～1 048 mg/kg)分别超标6倍和4～5倍的养分失衡、中高度盐渍化(电导率58～121 ms/m)、镉含量(0.20～0.26 mg/kg)接近风险阈值及铜锌显著富集的重金属风险、酞酸酯100%检出的有机污染以及钙镁比例失调。高强度农业生产导致上述多因素协同退化，据此提出以“增施有机肥-优化化肥-微生物修复酞酸酯-合理轮作-水肥一体化”为核心的“诊断-修复-调控”技术体系，为缓解土壤退化、保障农产品安全及京津冀冷凉区设施农业可持续发展提供技术范式。

Abstract:

Aiming at the soil degradation problem of protected vegetable fields in Chengde City, this study collected more than 360 soil samples from 6 counties（Pingquan City, Weichang County, Longhua County,Kuancheng County, Xinglong County, and Chengde County） for systematic detection during 2021-2022. The protected vegetable soils in Chengde City exhibited comprehensive degradation characteristics, including nutrient imbalance with available phosphorus（267-334 mg/kg） and available potassium（786-1 048 mg/kg） exceeding the standard by 6 times and 4-5 times, respectively; moderate to high salinization（electrical conductivity: 58-121 ms/m）;heavy metal risk characterized by cadmium content（0.20-0.26 mg/kg） approaching the risk threshold and significant enrichment of copper and zinc; organic pollution with 100% detection rate of phthalates; and imbalanced calcium-magnesium ratio. Intensive agricultural production has led to the synergistic degradation of the aforementioned multiple factors. Accordingly, a "diagnosis-repair-regulation" technical system centered on "increasing organic fertilizer application, optimizing chemical fertilizers, microbial remediation of phthalates, reasonable crop rotation, and integrated water and fertilizer management" was proposed. This study provides a technical paradigm for alleviating soil degradation, ensuring agricultural product safety, and promoting the sustainable development of protected agriculture in the cool region of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.