蓝靛果忍冬间作赤芍在不同模式下土壤养分空间分布特征

Spatial Distribution of Soil Nutrients in Lonicera caerulea L.-Paeonia veitchii Intercropping Systems under Different Planting Patterns

摘要:

本文根据蓝靛果忍冬的种植特点，探索间作中草药对蓝靛果忍冬土壤养分吸收利用及分布特征，为蓝靛果忍冬复合生态种植模式持续发展提供参考依据。以黑龙江地区特色经济作物蓝靛果忍冬及道地药材赤芍为研究对象，设置两种种植模式M₁、M₂及3个不同施肥水平，基于样地调查、土壤样品的采集，分析蓝靛果忍冬-赤芍间作系统不同模式下不同施肥水平土壤养分空间分布特征。碱解氮在M₁中随施肥水平的升高竞争位点向蓝靛果忍冬区域移动，而在M₂中，竞争位点基本保持在近赤芍区域内；M₁T₁处理有效磷土壤养分变化系数最低值在0～10 cm处，在M₁中随施肥水平的升高竞争位点由赤芍区域向近赤芍区域移动，而M₂中随施肥水平的升高养分竞争位点由近蓝靛果忍冬区域向近赤芍区域内转移；在M₁环境下随施肥水平的升高竞争位点基本上稳定在赤芍区域，而M₂条件下随施肥水平的升高养分竞争位点只有M₂T₁处理在蓝靛果忍冬区域，而M₂T₂、M₂T₃处理的养分竞争位点均在赤芍区域内。间作系统之间速效养分竞争激烈，养分的竞争位点基本上集中在赤芍及近赤芍区域，在低施肥量处理M₁T₁、M₂T₁养分都在不同程度上呈现合作效应，有效磷在中高肥量处理M₁T₂、M₁T₃、M₂T₂、M₂T₃均有一定程度的竞争关系。

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the absorption, utilization, and distribution of soil nutrients in Lonicera caerulea L. plantations through intercropping with Chinese herbal medicine, and provide a reference for the sustainable development of Lonicera caerulea L. intercropping systems. Using Lonicera caerulea L., a characteristic economic crop in Heilongjiang Province, and Paeonia veitchii, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, as research objects, two planting modes（M₁ and M₂） and three fertilization levels were established. Through plot surveys and soil sampling, the spatial distribution of soil nutrients under different fertilization levels and intercropping modes was analyzed. For alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, in M₁, nutrient competition sites shifted towards the Lonicera caerulea L. region as fertilization levels increased, whereas in M₂, these sites remained primarily near the Paeonia veitchii region. In the M₁T₁ treatment, the lowest variation coefficient of available phosphorus occurred at the 0-10 cm soil depth. In M₁, increasing fertilization levels caused nutrient competition sites to move from the Paeonia veitchii region towards its vicinity; in M₂, these sites shifted from areas near Lonicera caerulea L. to areas near Paeonia veitchii. Under M₁, nutrient competition sites stabilized in the Paeonia veitchii region with higher fertilization, while under M₂, only the M₁T₁ treatment showed competition sites in the Lonicera caerulea L. region, with M₂T₂ and M₂T₃ treatments showing sites within the Paeonia veitchii region. Overall, the competition for available nutrients was intense between intercropping systems, with competition sites concentrated mainly in and around the Paeonia veitchii region. Treatments M₁T₁ and M₂T₁（low fertilization levels） showed varying degrees of nutrient cooperation, while medium and high fertilization treatments（M₁T₂, M₁T₃, M₂T₂, M₂T₃） exhibited competitive relationships for available phosphorus.