食用向日葵新品种天马66的选育与栽培技术

Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of a New Edible Sunflower Variety Tianma 66

摘要:

天马66是武威天马高新农业科技有限责任公司以LD5DR为父本、CRA为母本组配育成的三系配套食用向日葵杂交种。2022—2023年在国内12个试点的区域试验中，平均单产分别达3 957.3 kg/hm²和4 055.85 kg/hm²，较对照品种X3939分别增产6.05%和9.79%，两年平均增产7.92%。该品种生育期104 d，株高176 cm，茎粗3.6 cm，叶片数28片，花盘直径25 cm；籽粒呈长锥形，黑底白边，粒长2.8 cm，百粒重15.58 g，单盘粒重178 g，籽仁率56%，结实率89%。综合抗性优良，不育株率2.99%，分枝株率3%，倒伏株率1%，折茎株率0，对盘腐型菌核病、黄萎病等主要病害表现中抗。2025年7月通过国家非主要农作物品种登记(编号：GPD向日葵[2025]140055)，适宜在甘肃、新疆、内蒙古等向日葵主产区及≥10℃有效积温2 100℃·d以上区域进行春、夏季播种，具有高产、优质、抗逆性强、适应性广等特点。

Abstract:

Tianma 66 is a three-line-hybrid edible sunflower variety developed by Wuwei Tianma High-tech Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. by crossing LD5 DR（male parent） with CRA（female parent）. In the regional trials conducted at 12 domestic pilot sites from 2022 to 2023, its average yields reached 3 957.3 kg/ha and4 055.85 kg/ha respectively, increasing by 6.05% and 9.79% compared with the control variety X3939, with an average yield increase of 7.92% over the two years. This variety has a growth period of 104 days, a plant height of176 cm, a stem diameter of 3.6 cm, 28 leaves, and a flower disk diameter of 25 cm. The seeds are long conical,with a black base and white edges, a seed length of 2.8 cm, a 100-seed weight of 15.58 g, a seed weight per disk of 178 g, a kernel rate of 56%, and a setting rate of 89%. It exhibits excellent comprehensive resistance, with a sterile plant rate of 2.99%, a branched plant rate of 3%, a lodging plant rate of 1%, and a stem breakage rate of0%. It shows moderate resistance to major diseases such as disk rot-type Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Verticillium wilt. In July 2025, it passed the national registration of non-major crop varieties（GPD Sunflower[2025]140055）. It is suitable for spring and summer sowing in major sunflower-producing areas such as Gansu, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia, as well as regions where the effective accumulated temperature≥10 ℃ reaches 2 100 ℃·d or above. It features high yield, good quality, strong stress tolerance, and wide adaptability.