水稻盐胁迫耐受机制及氮肥营养调节效应

Mechanism of Rice Tolerance to Salt Stress and Regulatory Effect of Nitrogen Nutrition

摘要:

盐胁迫是限制水稻生长发育和产量形成的主要环境因素之一，植物耐盐性受多方面因素的调节，氮素作为植物生长必需的营养元素和信号分子，参与多种生理生化代谢过程，科学施用氮肥在缓解水稻盐胁迫过程中发挥着重要的作用。本文从盐胁迫对水稻生长和代谢的影响、生理与分子响应机制及氮素营养的调节机制等方面对水稻耐受盐胁迫的研究进行了综述，以期为优化盐渍地区水稻生产管理提供理论和技术支持，并为耐盐水稻分子育种提供资源。

Abstract:

Salt stress is one of the main environmental factors limiting the growth, development and yield formation of rice. Plant salt tolerance is regulated by multiple factors. As an essential nutrient element and signal molecule for plant growth, nitrogen is involved in various physiological and biochemical metabolic processes. Scientific application of nitrogen fertilizer plays a crucial role in alleviating salt stress-induced damage in rice. However, the main biological processes and mechanisms by which nitrogen regulates rice salt tolerance through scientific nitrogen fertilizer application remain unclear. In particular, there is a lack of molecular-level analysis on the regulation of reproductive growth（e.g., yield components）. This review summarizes the research on rice tolerance to salt stress, mainly including the effects of salt stress on rice growth and metabolism, the physiological and molecular response mechanisms, and the regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen nutrition. This review provides theoretical and technical support for optimizing rice production management in saline-alkali areas, as well as target gene resources for molecular breeding of salt-tolerant rice.