水稻白化突变的遗传规律及应用—水稻品种“吉粳813”白化性状的改良与基因鉴定

Genetic Rules and Application of Rice Albinism Mutation—Improvement and Gene Identification of Albino Traits in Rice Variety “Jijing 813”

摘要:

在苗期阶段，水稻品种吉粳813表现出约25%的白化苗性状。本研究采用回交选育和提纯复壮两种方法，对吉粳813的白化苗性状进行了快速改良。采用回交选育方法进行改良耗时较长，需经历5个生育周期以获得稳定的改良材料，但此过程中亦实现了基因重组，从而改善了其他相关性状；而提纯复壮方法仅需1个生育周期即可完成改良，改良后的材料除白化苗性状外，在其他性状上与吉粳813保持一致。此外，本研究还证实了水稻品种吉粳813的白化苗性状是由单基因隐性遗传所控制，这一发现与孟德尔的遗传规律相符，并通过全基因组重测序鉴定到白化基因OsCAO1。

Abstract:

During the seedling stage, rice variety Jijing 813 had approximately 25% of the seedlings exhibiting albino traits. This study effectively improved the albino seedling trait of Jijing 813 through two methods: backcross breeding and purification and rejuvenation. Backcross breeding took a longer time for improvement, requiring five growth cycles to obtain stable improved materials; however, this process also achieved gene recombination,thereby improving other related traits. The purification and rejuvenation method only required one growth cycle to complete the improvement, and the improved material was consistent with Jijing 813 in all traits except albino seedling traits. In addition, this study confirmed that the albino seedling trait of rice variety Jijing 813 is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, which is consistent with Mendelian genetic rules; the albinism gene OsCAO1 was identified through whole-genome resequencing.