Plant polyphenols have become a research hotspot in food nutrition. Sorghum is rich in plant polyphenols,especially some varieties of Chinese sorghum, whose outer seed coat is rich in proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins polyphenols, but the relevant domestic research is relatively scarce. This paper summarizes the role of sorghum polyphenols in human health and the related research progress of the structure analysis of sorghum polyphenols,which is of great significance to the selection and processing of sorghum cultivars.