吉林西部封育草场和放牧草场两种土壤剖面主要理化性质特征

Main Physical Chemical Properties of the Two Soil Profiles in the Enclosure and Grazing Grassland of Western Jilin Province

摘要:

以吉林西部前郭县套浩太乡碱巴拉村北部封育草场和放牧草场两种典型土壤剖面为研究对象，野外现场观测土壤剖面各发生层次形态特征，室内分析其主要理化性质。结果显示：封育草场表层土壤的颜色较放牧草场深；土壤质地均为砂质黏壤土或黏壤土；封育草场粒径0.25～0.05 mm和0.05～0.01 mm的微团聚体数量高于放牧草场；封育草场剖面土壤各发生层的pH均值为9.11，放牧草场为9.48；封育草场的电导率（EC）最大值出现在AB层，为0.32 mS/cm，放牧草场表层A₁最高，达0.38 mS/cm；可溶盐与碱化度（ESP）变化规律基本一致，封育草场AB层可溶盐和ESP均较高，分别为0.47%、56.72%；放牧草场表层A₁可溶盐和ESP最高，分别高达0.72%、48.72%。封育草场土壤主要理化性质指标优于放牧草场，草场封育为吉林西部退化草原较经济有效的生态修复措施。

Abstract:

Taking the soil profiles of the enclosure grassland and grazing grassland of Jianbala Village of Qianguo County in the west of Jilin Province as the research object, conducted to determine the soil hierarchical morphological characteristics infield observation and the main physical and chemical properties of the two profiles were analyzed. The results showed that soils of both profiles have both commonalities and individualities. The soil color, especially the surface layer, is different. The soil texture of both sections is sandy clay loam or clay loam.The number of the micro-aggregates in the range of 0.25-0.05 mm and 0.05-0.01 mm of the soil profile in the enclosure grassland were higher than those in the grazing grassland. Average pH of the enclosure grassland was 9.11, compared with 9.48 of the grazing grassland. The maximum conductivity of the enclosure grassland appeared in the AB layer, which was 0.32 mS/cm, and the highest in the surface layer A₁ of the grazing grassland was 0.38 mS/cm.The soluble salt and ESP changes were basically the same. The soluble salt and ESP in the AB layer of the enclosure grassland were the highest, which were 0.47% and 56.72%, respectively. The soluble salt and ESP in the surface layer of grazing grassland were the highest, reaching 0.72% and 48.72%, respectively. It is obvious that the physicochemical properties of the enclosure grassland are better than those of grazing grassland, and the nature of the soil is improved through natural restoration.