播期对不同生育类型水稻生长发育进程及产量的影响

Effects of Different Seeding Date on Growth and Yield of Rice of Different Growing Types

摘要:

探讨播期对不同生育类型水稻生长发育进程及产量的影响规律,为吉林省水稻品种播期选择提供理论依据。以中早熟品种长白25和中晚熟品种吉粳88为供试材料,设置5个播期处理,研究播期对水稻生育表现、产量及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,长白25和吉粳88有效分蘖临界期均有所延迟,生育期缩短,株高、地上部干物质量下降,产量降低,且对中晚熟品种吉粳88的影响更为明显。两品种生育期缩短幅度表现为:播期每推迟7 d,长白25平均生育期缩短5～6 d,吉粳88平均生育期缩短6～7 d。播期对两品种产量构成因素影响存在明显差异,对长白25的影响表现为:每穗粒数>穗数>结实率>千粒重;而对吉粳88的影响表现为:结实率>穗数>千粒重>每穗粒数。

Abstract:

Effects of sowing date on the growth and development progress and yield of different rice varieties werediscussed to provide the scientific theoretical basis for selecting appropriate sowing dates for rice varieties of JilinProvince. The mid-early maturing variety Changbai 25 and the mid-late maturing variety Jijing 88 were used as testmaterials. By setting five sowing periods, the growth performance, yield and dry matter accumulation of rice werestudied. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date, the effective tillering critical periods of Changbai 25 and Jijing 88 were both delayed. The growth periods were shortened, the plant height and the above-ground dry mat-ter decreased, and the yield reduced. And for the late-maturing variety Jijing 88, the impact was more significant.The shortened ranges of the growth period of two varieties were as follows: as the sowing date delayed for 7 d, Chang-bai 25 decreased with an average of 5 to 6 d, Jijing 88 decreased with an average of 6 to 7 d. There were significantdifferences between effects of sowing dates on the yield components of two varieties. The effect of Changbai 25 was:number of grains per panicle ＞ numbers of panicle ＞ seed setting rate ＞ 1000-grain weight; while that of Jijing 88was: seed setting rate ＞ numbers of panicle ＞ 1000-grain weight ＞ number of grains per panicle.